The Relation of Evil and Love in Wuthering Heights by...

The Relation of Evil and Love in Wuthering Heights by Emily Bronte This study will examine Emily Brontes novel Wuthering Heights, focusing on how evil is related to love. The study will explore the main relationship in the book, the relationship between Heathcliff and Catherine. That relationship is full of both love and evil and will show us what happens when evil and love become tied to one another. The first thing we need to do is define evil. It is perhaps impossible to define love in a way, which will satisfy all of us. We will probably all agree that love is usually an attraction between two people, which makes them feel good about themselves and the other person and about life in general. On the other hand, the love that†¦show more content†¦That is what Brontes novel shows us and reminds us about this kind of powerful, romantic love. It does not get out of control in the case of these two lovers, and becomes evil. Heathcliff is shown to be a dark and even hateful character the moment we meet him on the first two pages of the book. L ockwood sees himself as a kind of kin to Heathcliff, and sees the region as a fit for heir dark personalities. A perfect misanthropists Heaven--- and Mr. Heathcliff and I are such a suitable pair to divide the desolation between us. A capital fellow! He little imagined how my heart warmed towards him when I beheld his black eyes withdraw so suspiciously under their brows (45). Lockwood has no idea how much more dark and evil Heathcliff is. Heathcliff is shown to be an evil man even before he meets Catherine, so we cannot say that he learned to be evil because of his extreme love for Catherine. We see Heathcliff not as a loving person, not as a lover, but as a hater, a misanthrope, or a person who hates people. This might be a clue helping us to understand the evil part of Heathcliffs love. Perhaps a love for one person, which grows out of a hatred of all other people, will end up being evil, sooner or later. Perhaps true love leads a person to feel warm and loving toward all people, or most people. And perhaps a love, which is evil, is one, which comesShow MoreRelatedEssay on Revenge and Love in Wuthering Heights1521 Words   |  7 Pagessentiments can move a man to action, but in Emily Brontà «Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s Wuthering Heights, love and revenge are the only two passions powerful enough to compel the primary actors. There is consensus, in the academic community,1 that the primary antagonist in the novel, Heathcliff is largely motivated by a wanton lust for vengeance, and it is obvious from even a cursory reading that Edgar Linton, one of the protagonists, is mostly compelled by a his seemingly endless love for his wife, and it even seems as if thisRead MoreEmily Bronte s Wuthering Heights1693 Words   |  7 PagesUnfortunate Events Emily Bronte, a highly esteemed and imaginative writer, is the mastermind behind the novel Wuthering Heights. When Bronte was very young, her mother passed away from a serious, untreatable sickness. After her death, Branwell, Bronte’s older brother, took care of the children (Pettingell). Her brother, a poet and painter, turned to an alcoholic and drug abuser was responsible for the children as they all grew up together. He was irrational and never treated Emily and her sisters theRead MoreThe Implications of the Title Wuthering Heights Essay1431 Words   |  6 Pagesa question that can be endlessly pondered upon and debated over, as to why Emily Bronte chose to name her first and only novel, after the house in which a sizable part of the action chronicled takes place, despite being armed with characters of such extra-ordinary strength and passion as Heathcliff or Catherine. But on close scrutiny, a reader can perhaps discern the reason behind her choice, the fact that Wuthe ring Heights is at once a motif, a setting and according to a few critics, even a ‘premonitoryRead MoreWuthering Heights and Macbeth Thesis1456 Words   |  6 Pagesand Catherine in Wuthering Heights by Emily Bronte, and Macbeth in The Tragedy of Macbeth by William Shakespeare died as a result of not being able to deal with their haunting past. Heathcliff, from Wuthering Heights, didn’t have an easy past. He’s an orphan that was brought to Wuthering Heights by Mr. Earnshaw. Although Heathcliff was accepted by Mr. Earnshaw and Catherine, Hindley always disliked him. After Mr. Earnshaw’s death, Hindley becomes the master of Wuthering Heights; he mistreats HeathcliffRead More Characters of Catherine and Heathcliff in Emily Brontes Wuthering Heights1610 Words   |  7 PagesThe Characters of Catherine and Heathcliff in Wuthering Heights      Ã‚  Ã‚   Emily Brontes Wuthering Heights can be considered a Gothic romance or an essay on the human relationship. The reader may regard the novel as a serious study of human problems such as love and hate, or revenge and jealousy. One may even consider the novel Brontes personal interpretation of the universe. However, when all is said and done, Heathcliff and Catherine are the story. Their powerful presence permeates throughoutRead MoreHeathcliff - Hero or Villain1691 Words   |  7 Pages----------------------- Emily Bronte also convey’s aspects of the class system within Victorian society through the use of imagery. Bronte depicts two English households which both resemble slightly different classes but for which could not be further apart. The heights is described as â€Å"narrow windows being deeply set in the wall† and then Thrushcross Grange as â€Å"the large, half curtain windows allowing the sun to come in from the outside† - these two pictures painted by Bronte show the contrast betweenRead MoreEmily Bronte s Wuthering Heights1814 Words   |  8 PagesTitle: Wuthering Heights Author: Emily Brontà « Date of Publication: 1847 Genre: Gothic Romance / Fiction Biographical information about the author Emily Jane Brontà « (born 30 July, 1818 | Died December, 19, 1848) was born in Thorton. She was one of six Bronte children; she kept to herself usually and was unusually quiet. In 1835 she briefly attend Miss Wooler’s school at Roe Head. Around 1837 Emily taught at Law Hill School. In 1842 she and Charlotte studied in Brussels. Historical information aboutRead MoreVictorian Novel9605 Words   |  39 Pagesstability and rising standards of living. Artists of ‘Pre- Raphaelite Brotherhood’ claimed to write only true about nature, concentrate only on the true ideas. These three years saw the rise of such works: of Bronte sisters’ Poems, Charlotte Bronte’s Jane Eyre, Emily Bronte’s Wuthering Heights, William Thackeray’s Vanity Fair. The Following twenty years could be seen as the high period of ‘Victorian novel’. Despite being a mixture of boom and slump, the years of 1850-1870 were recognized by the economicRead MoreCause and Impact Analysis on the Main Character’s Suffering in Elizabeth Gilbert’s Novel Eat, Pray, Love7348 Words   |  30 Pagesnovel, the readers would gain messages, and it was not easy to interpret, it needed work hard to appreciate contents of novel forget message has been conveys by author. As novel might have many characters, some characters might never ever come into relation with an author. People knew that all the people in the world at this moment and related, if only by the nature of the fact that they were all living at the same time. Direct contact was not necessary to establish relationship, though a novelist would

The Dark Knight Movie Movie Summary Of The Dark Knight

The Dark Knight Movie Summary The Dark Knight movie portrays its self as a fantasy however, the movie relates back to everyday society very well in indirect fashions. In the movie, The Dark Knight, there was a statement made by Harvey Dent that states â€Å"You either die a hero, or die long enough to see your self become the villain.† With this being said, this statement can relate to the presidency in some sort of fashion. For example, in my opinion, the president can leave office on good term, just like the hero, or he can over stay his welcome so to speak and become the villain. However, the quote does not directly tie into a straight example of the presidency, there is an indirect relation to the quote. The next question about this essay†¦show more content†¦Weather it is how he is only needed when called upon or an emergency. Batman could be considered a terrorist in today’s society. However, there is a far cry from helping keep a group of citizens safe and putting their lives at risk on purpose. However, I do not believe that batman in this movie is considered by society definition today, a terrorist. Next, there is a quote from the moving stating, â€Å"Gotham needs a hero with a face† Although, batman does have a face it is just hid behind a mask. This quote relates to a specific individual in which the people see face to face they can consider as their hero. In this movie, I believe that Harvey Dent is considered the â€Å"hero with a face† after the situation in the movie where he took down the whole mob in Gotham. Money in the government does not always dictate power in this movie. However, Bruce Wayne is very wealthy but that does not affect his power with the city of Gotham. With this being said, if you have a lot of money you are entitled to power within a government because of how far one’s money can reach. 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As a child, he enjoyed watching Japanese monster movies and classic Universal horror films (Feinberg), like those of Lon Chaney and Bela Lugosi. â€Å"I don t know what it was, maybe the movie theaters in my immediate surrounding neighbourhood [sic] in Burbank, butRead MoreJoker and Batman Essay9227 Words   |  37 Pages(1939-1949) 1.3 The fifties and early sixties (1950-1963) 1.4 New Look Batman and camp (1964-1969) 1.5 ONeil and Adams (1970-1985) 1.6 The Dark Knight Returns, ONeils editorship, and the new millennium (1986-present) 2 Fictional character history 2.1 Golden Age 2.2 Silver Age 2.3 Modern Batman 3 Personas 3.1 Bruce Wayne 3.2 The Dark Knight 3.3 Matches Malone 4 Skills, resources, and abilities 4.1 Equipment 4.2 Costume 4.3 Bat-Signal 4.4 Batcave 4.5 Gotham City 5Read MoreFrankenstein Study Guide14107 Words   |  57 Pagesown pathways into the novel, have them explore one of the following multimedia programs. †¢ Essential Frankenstein (Byron Preiss Multimedia, 1994) contains pop-up annotations to the original 1818 text, animated introductions to each chapter, and many movie stills and film clips. †¢ Frankenstein: The Art and Legends (Michael Callis) makes connections between art, literature, and scientific achievements of the period. 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Interview with the Vampire Paper free essay sample

Summary Applications Paper: Interview with the Vampire: The Vampire Chronicles I have enjoyed many vampire movies over the years, long before they became the popular pop-culture genre they have become due to the success of The Twilight Saga films. One movie I have enjoyed viewing many times since its debut in 1994 is Interview with the Vampire. This film is an adaptation of the book Interview with the Vampire written by Anne Rice in 1973 and published in 1976. The movie was directed by Neil Jordan who also co-wrote the script with Anne Rice. Interview with the Vampire: The Vampire Chronicles is the story of Louis (Brad Pitt), portraying a depressed man, as he tells of his life as a vampire to a radio reporter (Christian Slater) in modern time San Francisco. It is the story of the coming of age, vampire style. Louis starts out by telling how he was turned into a vampire by Lestat (Tom Cruise) and how Lestat tried to teach him how to be a vampire and the art of feeding. Louis, however, could never get used to killing humans and thus learned to sustain himself on a diet of animals. Louis becomes very bitter and enraged toward Lestat for making him a vampire. Lestat then tries to reduce the bitterness and anger of Louis by giving him a family. He does this by turning a young girl, Claudia (Kirsten Dunst), and therefore giving Louis the child he had once lost. Claudia eventually also turns bitter and angry toward Lestat as she comes to mature, yet she still looks and is treated as a child. Lois and Claudia then try to destroy Lestat and escape on a ship to Europe to find other vampires. After they arrive in Europe they come across the Theatre des Vampires in Paris where they meet Armand (Antonio Banderas) and his troupe of theatrical vampires. These other vampires eventually find out what Claudia and Louis have done to Lestat and are bound by oath to avenge Lestat’s undoing. The theme of Interview with the Vampire: The Vampire Chronicles is the loss of innocence, morality, and mortality. Louis comes to learn from his years as a vampire that self-preservation will always trump morality. In the end he admits that he is undead, likes human blood, and ends up letting go of his morality and guilt as portrayed in this quote from the movie Interview with the Vampire-The Vampire Chronicles: â€Å"That morning, I was not yet a vampire, and I saw my last sunrise. I remember it completely, and yet I can’t recall any sunrise before it. I watched its whole magnificence for the last time as if it were the first. And then I said farewell to sunlight, and set out to become what I became† (Interview with The Vampire: The Vampire Chronicles). Photography Throughout this film one feels that they are watching the true events of Louis’ 200 year undead existence in many well-known cities around the world. This makes the film seem even more real in that the audience can relate the landmarks of those cities, such as the catacombs of the theatre company, to what is happening in the film and to their current time and locations. The realism is superb in this aspect. It makes us feel the film is deep, interesting, and fun. The film is also shot from the point of view of the audience even though the story is being told by Louis. A lot of the camera shots seem to be long shots and stay in the footlights of the screen as if the viewer were in the audience of a play (Rice). Even the characters seem to enter from the left or right as they would on a stage and then meet in the center for medium shots and their dialogue (Rice). Yet, in order to make the victimization scenes show the viciousness and lack of conscience of the attacker the camera focuses in on the eyes of the vampire (Rice). This made the scenes seem more powerful and deserving of staid treatment. In these scenes we start to see how the photography of the film supports the theme of innocence lost and what immortality is all about for a vampire. Not only survival, but what one will give up to attain greatness, power, or independence. The cinematographer of this film was Philippe Rousselot. His cinematography â€Å"creates an exceptionally inviting, varied look for this nocturnal story, and special visual effects are smoothly integrated into the action. The makeup that adds pale eyes, ghostly pallor and tiny blue veins to the principals faces manages to create a frisson of danger without marring the actors attractiveness† (Maslin). Rousselot used dark-lensing, a way to attain low key shots and thus created a huge contrast to the sets and costumes (Maslin). This made the characters seem as though they were the only important things in the otherwise dark and gloomy shots. Mise-en-scene The mise-en-scene of Interview with the Vampire is relatively theatrical in nature. Long shots are used for much of the movie and the intense close-up shots are retained for the extremely moving victimization scenes where the camera closes in on the eyes of the vampire attacking its victim and what the vampire is feeling thru its eyes (Rice). Also because of the darkness of most of the settings within the movie and the lushness of the immediate sets and costuming one gets the feeling of the importance of the characters and where they are at. The character proxemics and intimate distance of the shot when Claudia curls up with Louis in his coffin, shows the feelings and morality that Louis is fighting so hard to hang onto in his immortality and the loss of the innocence Claudia has accepted. Movement The movements in this film are nothing short of greatness in my mind. One of the opening scenes proves how powerful movement can really become in life and film. The radio reporter truly did not believe Louis was a vampire until Louis moved to turn on the light and was then seated before him before the camera could even focus on what movement had occurred. Louis’ extremely un-human speed convinced the reporter that Louis was definitely not an everyday human. When we need to feel sorrow and awe, such as in Louis’ last and first sunrise scene, movement is slow and steady until coming to a halt focusing on the beautiful sunrise. This puts the audience in the place and time with Louis and makes them feel what he is feeling. The awe and beauty of life and living verses the future of immortality. We are as an audience experiencing first hand Louis’ loss of innocence and coming to realize what he has done in accepting Lestat’s invitation to join him for eternity to walk the Earth and never die. Another scene that I believe truly shows the greatness of movement in this film is the scene at the Theatres des Vampires when the troupe closes in on their unsuspecting victim. The slow and fluid movements turn into one of a fast, feeding frenzy and completely make the viewer feel the unexpected dread and horror the victim must have experienced. Editing The scene in Interview with the Vampire that shows how well the editing worked for this film is the one also mentioned above where Louis moves so quickly from the light switch to the chair. The camera first shows Louis walking towards the light switch and then zooms in to only the switch, cuts away to a close up of the light being on, then immediately to a close up of Louis seated in the chair at the table all in about five seconds of film. Thanks also to the editing for making the vampires transitions from human like to bestial smooth and natural in appearance. There are several little editing issues that were pointed out to me by moviemistakes. com and after looking for them I indeed found them to be true. They include: when Lestat and Louis are fighting in the car at toward the end of the film and , therefore no one should have been driving the car, yet you see a black shrouded person in the driver’s seat, when Lestat cuts the prostitutes wrist at the hotel and her blood drips on the couch but when she is upright there is no blood, and when Lestat bites Louis atop the ships mast and then drops him in the river and when Louis is walking out of the river you can see telephone poles and telephones were not even invented at the time this event was taking place (Sandys). These editing issues obviously did not take away from my enjoyment of the film, nor did I even notice them until looking for them. Sound Elliot Goldenthal scored the 1994 film Interview with the Vampire: The Vampire Chronicles and did a wonderful job portraying the feeling and times of the movie along with its gothic nature (Ruiz). The soundtrack is consists of mostly works written exclusively for the film by Mr. Goldenthal with the exception of the piece performed by Guns N’ Roses and written by the Rolling Stones called â€Å"Sympathy for the Devil,† that plays during the movies ending credits according to musicfromthemovies. om (Ruiz). One also notices in this film that often times Lestat is very loud and forceful and has a fast tempo which is intended to show his threatening and intense nature as well as the increasing tension in the film. This upbeat almost psychotic music is heard when Lestat attacks Louis for the second time in the cemetery. At first we hear the calm, peaceful sound of crickets and a loon, and then the volume increases exponentially to the sound of the attack of Lestat. This extreme differentiation in sounds gives the audience a feeling of unease and a knowing of something unexpected and dreadful will soon happen. Also, in this same scene after the two fell to the ground we hear the sound of a drum replicating a heartbeat letting the audience know that at that time Louis is alive and extremely scared because of the speed of the heartbeat. Eventually the heartbeat ceases and this helps us to understand that Louis the human is no more. Louis is now a vampire. The sound of Louis’ heartbeat also gets the theme across about our humanity and mortality. It was the loss of Louis’ innocence and mortality that caused his heart to stop. Acting I was not a true fan of the acting done throughout most of Interview with the Vampire. Brad Pitt as Louis does a fine job in showing the grief, the anguish, and agony in the realization of what he had become. No matter how hard Louis fought what he had become, the realism was he had become immortal and there was no turning back. His innocence and, therefore, morals were gone forever. However, I believe choosing Tom Cruise to play Lestat was the worst decision made for this film when it comes to the acting. Some aspects of his portrayal of Lestat seemed really good, but at times he seems unbelievable in this part. I noticed this most in the scene where Lestat and Louis attack the woman and her poodles and Louis finally has an outburst directed at Lestat. When Cruise as Lestat is thrown against the tree and taunting Louis it seems he is very out of character in his laughing and the way the words are spoken. Kirsten Dunst as Claudia is by far the best casting decision made for this film. She plays up the vulnerability of her childlike stature, yet also captures completely the air of being a woman trapped in the body of a child. She can be quiet and demure one moment and crazy and demanding the next just as a child is. As the author of the book, Anne Rice, says in her interview â€Å"The actress showed incredible intelligence and cunning, and yet a child’s tragic vulnerability and heart rendering capacity to be disappointed†¦. She drew us into her motives for violence and offered us a deeper understanding of all the moral rules given us, or created by us† (Rice). The loss of the childlike innocence is portrayed in full by Kirsten Dunst as Claudia. Drama The drama contained within Interview with the Vampire is exceptional for portraying what is occurring and in what time period. This is especially important in this film because we are seeing two hundred years of Louis’ life as he tells it. The costuming was consistently in proper time period as were the backdrops and scene styles. We see that Claudia is growing older in her thinking due to her attire going from that of a child of the period to that of scaled down versions of adult period clothing. This helps the viewer realize subconsciously that she, even though she looks like a child, has become a woman trapped in a child’s body. It shows symbolically the loss of her innocence and the true loss of her mortality. The costume designer, Sandy Powell, had to carefully recreate the costumes to reflect not only the time period being portrayed but also the characters (â€Å"Phoenix Filmography†). She used cold colors like blue and silver to represent Lestat, earthly colors such as brown for Louis, and innocent, feminine, and childlike colors of pink, lilacs, and other pastels for Claudia in order to showcase their thoughts and attitudes (â€Å"Phoenix Filmography†). The detail given to the Theatre des Vampires is another part of the time period drama, color, and symbolic function that sticks out to me. It is an actual theatre that existed and the appearance is that of a true theatre of the time period. It symbolizes the loss of those vampires’, who pretend to be human actors on a stage, mortality. They are acting as if they are vampires because they miss their mortality and human traits and actually resent the fact they are indeed immortal. If this film were to be performed on stage it would be fairly easy to get the storyline and plot across. It would not be as graphic as the film version, but I believe it would be a good candidate for a theatrical presentation, because it is quite theatrical in its film presentation. Story In the storyline of Interview with the Vampire we follow a central character, Louis, throughout the story of his two hundred years of being a vampire. The story is told in sequential order and follows Freytag’s Pyramid as discussed by Giannetti (Giannetti 341). This appears to be a rather classic realistic film to most viewers and the main genre is horror or suspense. We as an audience see where the story is taking us by means of the plot because it happens in chronological order. There are several plots occurring at once in this film. The first is Louis as the protagonist and the reporter as the antagonist trying to interview him. Louis finds himself trying to warn the reporter of the perils of being a vampire so as to keep him from the same fate which is their loss of morality and mortality. Unfortunately that is not what Louis accomplishes. He actually makes the reporter want to become a vampire and in the end actually asks Louis to make him one. Louis has failed. The main plot of the film is for Louis as the protagonist again to attain peace with what he has become. The antagonist in this plot is, of course, Lestat who tries to make Louis surrender to his vampire state and be like him. This is the dilemma that Louis faces throughout the rest of the film. Can he get away from Lestat and hold on to some form of his human morals and still be a vampire? We then watch the plot unfurl throughout the film, all the while Louis struggles with his internal conflict of human morals against what he has become as well as the external conflict of Lestat trying to force him to give into his vampire nature. The climax is attained when Louis watches Claudia kill Lestat. He changes then forever and realizes that he can in no way return to his human self and that he must accept his new life as a vampire. From here the story is over from the standpoint of Louis trying to change what his nature is. He realizes the best thing he can do to try and have some modicum of peace is to warn others that life is more precious than he originally felt and that being immortal will not change that feeling of guilt or loss for anyone. His goal is to warn people through the reporter. This, alas, does not happen either as Lestat kills the reporter before Louis’ story is told to the world. Writing Because the author of the book, Anne Rice, helped to write the script with Neil Jordan, the director of the film version of Interview with the Vampire, most of the story remains the same between the two portrayals. Some of the changes made include the reason for Louis’ want for death. In the book it was the loss of his brother, where in the movie it is the loss of his wife and child. This worked better for the movie because it gave a new meaning to the relationship and importance of Claudia’s character. Claudia was also a bit different in the book as opposed to the movie. In the book she was only five or six years old when turned, whereas in the movie she is around ten or eleven years old. This was done because it would have been nearly impossible to find that young of an actor to portray such a complicated and ever changing role in this movie. The point of view of the book versus the movie is also a little different. The book is told almost entirely in the first person narrative, whereas the movie is told from a third person point of view, as if were are watching Louis life unfold. Not that he is telling us the story, but that the audience is watching it as it happens. The only portion of the film that is in the first person narrative is the opening scenes with the reporter where we see Louis explaining himself to the reporter. The ending was perfect for the creation of a sequel as well. We see that Lestat is not dead and that Louis is still looking for complete closure of his humanity. Ideology This film in many different ways expresses its values to me directly through the character of Louis. He is sad and mournful, longing for death as a way to escape the pain of his human life. Because of this he is found by Lestat and succumbs to the idea of being a vampire. Louis feels this will release him form the pain and suffering he has been longing to escape from as a human. He quickly finds out he is wrong and spends the rest of the next two hundred years as a vampire fighting against himself and his very nature. This shows me that we all are part monster at times. Because he is eventually able to feed on humans and not just animals and because he actually does love Claudia not all of his human traits are lost nor is his guilt. He represents the struggle between nature and nurture, morality and immorality, mortality and immortality. The common view of a vampire is that of an evil monster who kills just to kill, where this film shows us a different side of the vampire myth. It shows them as more natural beings that simply kill because it is kill or be killed. It also shows how some are different than others in that they do not wish to accept this natural part of their existence but rather choose to fight it. Critique Overall, as I said to begin with, I find this film to be highly enjoyable from beginning to end. It is a true vision of vampire, gothic, realistic film and I believe it will be enjoyed by many generations to come. It’s only shortcoming in my eyes was the casting as Tom Cruise as Lestat. I to this day do not feel he was a good fit for the part. He did as well as I would expect him to with the part, but a better choice would have been Johnny Depp from my point of view. The actor needed to be more sinister and dark than what Tom Cruise could possibly ever portray on screen. The theme was in the foreground throughout the film and was easily understood by me. Louis and Claudia were in constant turmoil inside and out because of their loss of mortality and innocence. What follows is a critique from James Berardinelli written in 1994: â€Å"As horror films go, Interview with the Vampire has the right look. Atmosphere may not be everything, but its importance cannot be understated. With its gothic settings, superlative makeup (by Stan Winston), and sterling miniatures work, this film can claim visuals nearly on par with those of Kenneth Branaghs stylish Frankenstein. There are other parallels between these films, not the least of which is their equally erratic pacing. However, Interviews plot is probably more coherent and its characters somewhat better realized. There are flaws to be found here even for those not specifically looking but for the simple horrific pleasure offered, they can be set aside, if not entirely ignored† (Berardinelli). Conclusion In conclusion, I have found that Interview with the Vampire is a deeper portrayal of our daily inner battles between good and evil and that it portrays visually and artistically our worries about innocence lost and the loss of our morality as well as our views on life and immortality. It is realistic in its settings and keeps viewers on the edges of their seats wondering from scene to scene if it will turn out as they think it should.

Real GDP of Country

Question: Discuss about the Real GDP of Country. Answer: Introduction: In order to measure the standard of living of a country, the real GDP might be considered as an unreliable indicator to some extent. Precisely, there are two major issues to be dealt with in order to compare the living standard across countries. First of all, each of the countries has there definite currency to measure the overall real GDP. For instance, if one compares the standard of living in the United Kingdom and China, the real GDP must be converted in the same currency to define the status. Moreover, due to the massive population in China, the overall GDP of China will be much higher than that of the United Kingdom. Meanwhile, the overall real GDP figure can be misleading at times as the entire figure of real GDP cannot signify the living standards (Williams, 2013). On the other hand, the per capita income of the population may define the real status of living standards. Hence, on the basis of the per capita income, the standard of living should be monitored. Apart from that, the value of the goods and services of the comparing countries can be a challenging task as well. For instance, the value of goods and services in China and the United Kingdom has been priced in different currencies (Mariano and Murasawa, 2010). Hence, to define the standard of living of the population, the prices should be compared to a standard currency i.e. US dollar. Clearly, the determined problems must have been faced if the real GDP of two countries can be utilised as the indicator of living standards. Unemployment has been identified as one of the most common issues in developing as well as emerging economies. Precisely, there are three types of unemployment to be considered. First of all, in an economy, a number of people have quit their job in search of better opportunity (Lange and Georgellis, 2007). Therefore, after quitting a job, they have to be remained unemployed for a specific time before getting new jobs. As a result of the scenario, job searchers create unemployment to an economy called frictional unemployment. Secondly, in growing economic conditions, structural unemployment has been another major type of unemployment. In this category, the demand for particular workers has not particularly matched to the available quality and skills of human resources. Hence, the demand of available labours has been decreased contributing to the rate of unemployment (Cho, 2010). Finally, cyclical unemployment has influenced due to the insufficiency of effectual labour demand. Meanwhil e, advanced economies have to deal with recessions in the economic cycle. As the result of recessions, the companies have to cut down the number of employees creating cyclical unemployment. Clearly, modern developed as well as emerging economies have to undergo different economic scenarios. Therefore, some of the unemployment has found to be unavoidable. For instance, some of the employed community has left their jobs to seek better job opportunities contributing to frictional unemployment. Also, rapid technical expansion in the economies has created more job opportunities for skilled labours promoting structural unemployment. Lastly, unwanted recessions have largely contributed to job cuts in major economies. Therefore, such critical scenarios have made some unemployment situation unavoidable. Inflation can be identified as the continuous increase in the general or average price level for services and goods that are generally consumed on a regular basis. Hence, an increase in the average level of prices of goods and services leads to inflation. For example, the price of sugar, vegetable, and other consumable products increases by around 10 percent within a year. Therefore, the inflation rate will be around 10 percent in the economy. Notably, the rise in the average level of price with the same value as compared to the previous year will not lead to rise in inflation rate (Hubbard et al., 2015). In other words, the inflation rate increases only when the average price level of goods and services increases by a higher percentage as compared to the previous year. On the other hand, the rise in the average price level must be continuous in nature. For instance, the average price of goods and services must increase on a sustained basis to consider it as a factor leading to inflation (Mankiw, 2007). One of the primary factors is the increase in the flow of money in the market that diminishes the buying power of the currency and fronts to rise in the price of goods and services that further leads to inflation in the country. Hence, it is important to note that the given statement is true only when the increase in the average level of price of goods and services is more than the rise in the average price level in the preceding year. The Aggregate Demand (AD) curve illustrates the quantity of services and goods demanded by the consumers at a given price level. The AD curve presents the price and demand relationship in a market. It is important to note that the AD curve slopes downward because of the interest rate effect and wealth effect (Krugman and Wells, 2005). An aggregate demand curve has been presented in the figure given below for further explanation: It can be seen from the above diagram that the fall in the general price level results to the rise in the demand of the products and services from Y1 to Y2 that further leads to a downward sloping AD curve (Arnold, 2011). The common misunderstanding about the AD curve is that people buy more things when the price falls. In actual scenario, it is important to note that economists assume that the flow of money in the market remains constant. On the other hand, when the aggregate price level of services and goods increases the purchasing power of the currency decreases that leads to fall in the quantity demanded. It makes the consumers to reduce the amount of purchases. On the other hand, when the aggregate price level decreases, the consumers feel wealthier and buy more products and services (Arnold, 2011). Hence, there is an inverse relationship between the combined quantity demanded and combined price level of services and products. Furthermore, the interest rate also leads to a downward sloping AD curve. The increased demand for currency leads to increase in the interest rate that reduces the surplus amount to be spent in the market. The aggregate supply curve presents the aggregate amount of services and goods that are supplied by firms in an economy for a given price level. It is important to note that the LRAS (long-run aggregate supply curve) is perfectly vertical in nature because of the capital, technology and labour factors that influences the quantity supplied in the market (Pindyck and Rubinfeld, 2011). It is assumed that the technology, labour and capital is optimally used in the long run and any increase or decrease in the price level will not impact the aggregate supply in the market. A diagram has been presented herein below for further explanation: It can be seen from the above figure that the LRAS curve is static in nature and shifts only when any of the resources such as labour, capital or technology is changed. Hence, a change in the aggregate demand will lead to a small change in the total output of the economy. On the other hand, the short run aggregate supply curve is upward sloping because the increase in the price can be used to increase the amount of capital, labour and technology that are employed to produce a particular amount of goods and services (Pindyck and Rubinfeld, 2011). Hence, in the short run, the firms can increase its production by investing in the production process that helps to increase the level of supply in the market. A diagram has been presented below for better understanding: References Arnold, R. (2011). Microeconomics. 1st ed. Australia: South-Western College Pub. Cho, A. (2010).Economics Nobel: Why Unemployment Is Inevitable. [online] Science | AAAS. Available at: https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2010/10/economics-nobel-why-unemployment-inevitable [Accessed Jan. 2017]. Colander, D. (2008). Microeconomics. 1st ed. Boston, Mass.: Irwin/McGraw-Hill. Hubbard, G., Garnett, A., Lewis, P. and O'Brien, A. (2015). Macroeconomics. 3rd ed. Pearson Australia. Krugman, P. and Wells, R. (2005). Microeconomics. 1st ed. New York: Worth. Lange, T. and Georgellis, Y. (2007).Active labour market policies and unemployment. 1st ed. Bradford, England: Emerald Group Pub. Mankiw, N. (2007). Macroeconomics. 1st ed. New York: Worth Publishers. Mariano, R. and Murasawa, Y. (2010). A Coincident Index, Common Factors, and Monthly Real GDP.Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 72(1), pp.27-46. Pindyck, R. and Rubinfeld, D. (2011). Microeconomics. 1st ed. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice Hall. Williams, R. (2013).Why the GDP Is Not An Good Measure of A Nation's Well Being. [online] Psychology Today. Available at: https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/wired-success/201309/why-the-gdp-is-not-good-measure-nations-well-being [Accessed Jan. 2017].